This was one of the first texts i read on explosives, and it is one of the best. It is the sudden buildup of gas pressure see products above that constitutes the nature of an explosion. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Properties of explosives definition an explosive is a material, cither a pure single substance or a mixture of substances, which is capable of producing an explosion by its own energy. This concise, easytoread book outlines the basic principles needed to understand the chemical mechanisms of explosion. Blasting technology chemistry of explosives3 explosive.
Materials that detonate the front of the chemical reaction. The speed at which explosives decompose permits their classification as high or low explosives. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole. Thomas klapotke ludwigmaximiliansuniversitat munchen. Blast pressure at the time of detonation, the gases can rush out at velocities of up to 7,000 mph and can exert pressure of up to 700 tons per square inch. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training. The explosive collection tyrone shoelaces youtube one more important section related to combustion is the explosive chemical.
Introduction to explosives types of energetic materials pyrotechnics propellants unconfined, referred to as propellants confined, referred to as low explosives. A common example is composite b3 which is made up of a 6436 mixture of rdx c 3 h 6 n 6 o 6 and tnt. Not the conversion of a substance to a different composition, as in a chemical explosion. Black powder, which is a less energetic material, uses both charcoal and elemental sulfur as reductants.
Free download organic chemistry of explosives chemistry. Explosive devices may be mechanical, chemical, or atomic. There are a great many types of explosives and explosive devices. Thermodynamics, enthalpy, free energy and gas equations are covered together with examples of calculations, leading to the power and temperature of explosions. Organized into 15 chapters, this book begins with the classification of explosives. Base charges of detonators in some land mines and shells. Chemistry of explosives explosives are chemical mixtures or compounds that, when subjected to heat, impact, or shock, are capable of undergoing a rapid decomposition that releases heat and gases, which, in turn, expand to form high pressures. It seems unnecessary to define an explosion, for everyone knows what it isa loud noise and the sudden going away of. Emeritus professor of organic chemistry massachusetts institute of technology director of research and development national fireworks, inc. Classification of explosives low explosives high explosives primary secondary conclusion taken in part from a seminar by jim kahoe and greg brown effects of an explosion. Blasting technology chemistry of explosives3 free download as powerpoint presentation. Detonation occurs when the rate of chemical decomposition is greater than the speed of sound. Explosives preparation and their uses table of contents introduction types of chemical explosives. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
The chemistry of powder and explosives by tenney l. Ppt introduction to explosives powerpoint presentation. Rodriguez chemistry of high energy materials baran gm 20120818 routes tto cnitro functionality nitration chemistry borgardt et al. Chemical explosives explosion ns330 chemical explosives definition.
Nov 18, 2011 the forensic chemistry handbook focuses on topics in each of the major chemistry related areas of forensic science. Properties of explosives explosive material chemistry. Primers and initiators are explosives with special properties and some of them can exhibit the characteristics of both high and loworder explosives. Free download the chemistry of explosives 2e chemistry.
Chemistry of powder and explosives internet archive. Chapter i properties of explosives an explosive is a. A mechanical explosive is one that depends on a physical reaction, such as overloading a. Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive. Under the heading of explosives also fall black powder and some pyrotechnic compositions, but the bulk of the text is about high explosives. This potential energy stored in an explosive material may be chemical energy, pressurized gas or nuclear energy. Whether it is an organic or inorganic reaction, it can be explained with free chemistry ppt backgrounds. Analysis of explosives 1 analysis of explosives 2 introduction. Ppt analysis of explosives powerpoint presentation. Most of them are high explosives and they are much more sensitive to friction, heat.
Beginners explosives lectures for first responders and fire service personnel. It is the sudden buildup of gas pressure see products above that constitutes the nature of an. Chemistry of fire is the property of its rightful owner. Center of excellence for explosives detection, mitigation and response energetics laboratory, chemistry department university of rhode island, kingston, ri, usa, kingston, ri, usa. In either case, a large amount of energy must be released. Explosives are chemical mixtures or compounds that, when subjected to heat, impact, or shock, are capable of undergoing a rapid. In general, an explosive has four basic characteristics. Rodriguez chemistry of high energy materials baran gm 20120818 n n n n o2n o2n n o2 no2 aliphatic cnitro compounds r no 2r1 o r 2 r1 no2 r 3 r2 r no2 no r1 no2 no2 r2 1 nitroal kane 2 nitroale 3 nitroalkane terminal gemdinitroalkane internal gemdinitroalkane acidic protons condensation chemistry high explosive with. Covering detonation, deflagration, initiation, the latest theories on the production of hotspots, thermochemistry, thermodynamics and kinetics, the text includes detailed formulations and reactions presented with thermochemical calculations to aid understanding. Explosive materials may be categorized by the speed at which they expand. Free chemistry powerpoint templates are made, while keeping in mind students who are required to give clear. Mechanical explosions occur when a closed system is heateda violent pressure rupture can occur. Lab must determine type of explosives and, if possible, reconstruct the explosive device.
Some explosives are mixtures of chemicals that do not react and are known as composites. Introduction to explosives for official use only c4. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. With chapter authors that span the forensic chemistry field, this book exposes readers to the state of the art on subjects such as serology including blood, semen, and saliva, dnamolecular biology, explosives and ballistics. Finally, it provides insight into the many factors an. Explosives courses center of excellence for explosives. Instead of the oxygen being supplied from the surrounding air, it is supplied in the form of oxidisers or oxidants and is actually a solid material that is in intimate contact with the fuel.
Trained canine team, is a common and effective method for detection of explosives by training the dog to identify the explosives through vapour sniffing 9. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures. First, realize that this book is a fairly technical organic chemistry text about explosives. Chemistry of high energy materials scripps research. A mixture of 50 ml of nitric acid and 35 ml of sulfuric acid 92. Explosive, any substance or device that can be made to produce a volume of rapidly expanding gas in an extremely brief period. Free download the chemistry of explosives second edition written by jacqueline akhavan department of environmental and ordnance systems, cranfield university, royal military college of science, swindon and published by the royal society of chemistry in 2004. Introduction to explosives authorstream presentation.
Properties of explosives free download as powerpoint presentation. Jai prakash agrawal cchem frsc uk former director of materials. One of them was that gunpowder is a low explosive because it is a mixture. The light elements carbon and hydrogen usually serve as the reducing components of he formulations. Most bombing incidents involve homemade explosive devices. To select the most cost effective explosives for a specific mine site requires us to have some fundamental understanding of explosive chemistry and detonation. A mechanical explosive is one that depends on a physical reaction, such as overloading a container. Experiment 8 the concentration of nitric acid was about 63% density 1.
Colorimetric reactions wetchemical ion specific reactions. So far regarding the ebook we have the chemistry of explosives opinions end users havent still eventually left their report on the game, or otherwise read it nevertheless. Templates include iron, chemistry test tube, entropy, and nuclear medicine among others. Occasionally, metal powders of the lighter elements aluminum or magnesium are added as supplemental reducing agents in explosive mixtures. Nobels name was made in explosives, but what about the chemistry behind them. The history, theory and chemical types of explosives are introduced, providing the reader with information on the physical parameters of primary and secondary explosives. Introduction an explosive material, also called explosive, is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. Ppt chemistry of fire powerpoint presentation free to. Dec 09, 2010 beginners explosives lectures for first responders and fire service personnel. Explosives are substances that undergo a rapid oxidation reaction with the production of large quantities of gases. Blasting technology chemistry of explosives 3 free download as powerpoint presentation. The organic chemistry of explosives also provides a perspective on the possible applications of various energetic compounds, why they are interesting as explosives or propellant ingredients, and what advantages and disadvantages they might have compared to other energetic compounds.
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